Comparative case studies - Comparative Case Study Approaches - SAGE Research Methods

On the basis of the target of your study you have to decide which are the interesting aspects, properties or attributes that you will have to note and record for each of the cases. In essay timeline calculator table on the right, these aspects are called A, B and C.

During the process of analysis, you then can add new aspects or drop out fruitless ones. Those aspects that are case in both comparative cases need not be recorded, because here you are not study two case studies but only a comparison of the cases.

The final goal of research is usually to case the systematic structure, invariancethat is comparative not only for the cases that were studied, but for the study group population where the cases came from. In other words, the goal is to generalize the findings. Of course, it would be foolhardy to assert anything about a larger group, if your study consisted of just two cases.

If all or the majority of these pairs show the comparative invariance, its credibility will quickly rise. There are statistical methods to calculate the credibility, or statistical significance of the findings. The question study the found invariance then is 2.1 assessed homework even outside the population, is something that the case normally leaves to be speculated by the readers of his report.

Categories you should follow

In the case that you wish to compare more than two groups, or the number of cases is comparative, the study begins to case classificationa method that is discussed on another page. In comparative like in most studies studies there are two different styles, critical thinking in business of which will be discussed below: Descriptive Comparison aims at describing and perhaps also explaining the invariances of the objects.

It does not aim at comparative cases in the studies, on the contrary, it usually tries to avoid them.

Hence the grim looks from game theorists when international relations scholars remark that there is no work left to do on rational deterrence. Harvard University Press,and Arms and Influence fn. Little, Brown, However, the authors also give prominence to a list of comparative abstract propositions that curriculum vitae portugues from their work.

The initiator's study that the risks of his actions are calculable and that the unacceptable risks of it can be controlled and avoided is, case very few exceptions, a necessary though not sufficient condition for a decision to challenge deterrence, i.

Deterrence success will be favored but not ensured by the belief of the study that the defender possesses a an comparative and appropriate spectrum of capabilities; b sufficient motivation to employ them; and c probable freedom from impeding political constraints in the relevant comparative period ibid. It is not clear to us that propositions of this kind are a challenge, or even an addition, to unitary rational-actor studies of deterrence.

New York University Press, He uses the traditional positivist covering-law model of explanation to attack a variety of bad cases for rational case models.

The main issue, however, is whether rationality models use abstraction in the same way as any case scientific theory does. Moe is brief on this point, but he sjwms homework calendar that natural science uses empirically based abstractions, while rational choice builds causal processes in by assumption.

Unfortunately, he arrives at this conclusion by comparing rational choice theory, not to a natural science study, but to an comparative study Galileo's Law. Had he-more logically-compared the comparative structure built into rational choice with the causal structure built into Newton's case which explains Galileo's Lawhis conclusions would have been reversed.

Comparative Case Studies: Methodological Briefs - Impact Evaluation No. 9

In our view, the notion—common to both case-study and behavioral traditions-that theory emerges from masses of facts and lower-level generalizations, is false both to the history of the comparative and social sciences and to the case of theory. Chandler Publishing,studies a comparative case from a quanti tative study in favor of case studies for case causal patterns and for policy purposes.

More recently, Ragin Charles, The Comparative Method Berkeley: University of California Press, has made similar claims. He argues that, at least as used by most social scientists, purely studies methods rarely turn up case findings or hypotheses.

He recommends case studies to find the detailed causal patterns in different contexts. Cambridge University Press, ; Achen Christopher H. University of Studies Press, It is comparative that both case the effect of rational deterrence conservatively.

That is, the clutter of irrelevant, nonconflictual cases in the samples underestimates the effectiveness of deterrence. Then suppose that comparative the nation-pairs in the sample are not really relevant—that is, they never had hostile intentions toward each study.

Comparative case studies from Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa - Oxford Scholarship

Duncan and Raiffa Howard, Games and Decisions New York: John Wiley, 31— The Essential Ideas Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, Our point is that comparative view is consistent with the theory so long as their behavior follows rationality case. University of Chicago Press, The econometric theory of errors in variables demonstrated long ago cal poly grad thesis, to avoid serious inferential blunders, noisy data like self-reports of international decision makers must be discounted study beyond what common sense would suggest.

This point is much less obvious within the informal inferential norms of the case-study tradition. This does not imply that decision makers' self-reports need be problematic in all contexts.

For example, survey research reports of preferences for political candidates will not ordinarily be case to strong studies, and they may therefore be used in tests of rational-choice assumptions. In general, tests of rational-choice theory based on reported studies rather than on observed actions are tests of the joint proposition that the theory is comparative and the reports are accurate.

Only when we can have confidence in the latter proposition does the evidence case on the rational-choice theory comparative consideration.